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Cry Me A Stream

FEATURE BY MAX NOBLE
20/05/2019

Like salmon swimming upstream to spawn, Chase and his school of fast swimming fish appear to be confounded that no matter which direction they swim, the tides and eddies are always swirling against them.

2021 rules and a new Concorde Agreement to sort with ten lovingly cooperative teams. Mercedes being an unstoppable force of nature. More overtaking in your local graveyard than on any given race weekend. Circuit owners sulking at all points of the compass... The list goes on.

Then a personal favourite of mine, Miss Physics insisting on existing in every corner of the universe. Not just end-plates and vortex creation, but even in the cheery realm of digital media. Come with me on another adventure in swimming with the F1 Sharks as they seek to eat Chase and his school of (plump and juicy) salmon...

Liberty is keen to push a pay-per-view (PPV) model of subscription, and move most of this subscriber base to its own digital channels. This locks viewers in as a fan-base, and enables Liberty total control over content. The idea being to lock people in with unique content, that Liberty grow over time, for additional fees from the viewers. It will be interesting to see how this cannibalisation of its own fan base plays out. Indeed selling the fan base first to a PPV service provider and then, once they are hooked on the content, sliding them all over to its own F1-TV channel is just the sort of move Bernie would have pulled off...

Yet, right now, as many have noticed Liberty is making a dog's breakfast of the timing app, and F1TV is failing to deliver even across the modest number of launch countries where one can access the feed.

We have recently completed the Pitpass Tour de Force beer-mat powered maths analysis of the overall revenue possible to generate from F1 (The Tower of Fable), so now we are going to take a modest left turn and look at the sorts of figures one needs to agree with Miss Physics when she is wearing her "Digital Communications" hat.

First some ground theory and a few numbers.

Blue Ray disks in high definition (HD) have an uncompressed data rate around 20 to 30 giga-bits a second (20-30 GB/Sec). When they are spinning in your disk player this information is processed and a signal sent to your screen, usually over cables, and you delight in a detailed picture and fine surround-sound. The pipe down which you are pouring your data is all in your control, and all in your viewing room (or at least within your house).

Not all this massive available bandwidth (the size of the pipe) is required for top quality HD pictures and sound (the 'water' you are trying to pour down the pipe). There's plenty of room left for other data (such as alternative angles to view a concert from, narration, other languages, subtitles etc.) The current HD transmission standards call for around 2 GB/Sec for a top quality picture.

Now 4K (Ultra-High-Definition, UHD) and 8K (Super-Hi-Vision) require much more bandwidth, and will be the standard for broadcast within the next few years.

When this wizardry comes to you over the internet the entire bandwidth issue becomes a Big Thing because it is not whizzing down short distances (less than fifteen metres, or around fifty feet is considered 'short' for most audio visual cable runs) of cable within your control, it is rushing over massive networks, around the planet, bouncing off satellite relays and all sorts.

This aspect of digital communication is most robustly policed by Miss Physics with a veritable army of laws, constants, constraints and all manner of calculator melting maths.

Those cheeky engineers (Yes, it's us again...) at communications companies and stream services (such as HBO and Netflix) have been wearing out all their best dancing shoes, as they waltz Miss Physics in pirouettes they can cope with to get you Game of Thrones, Downton Abbey, or the Kardashians in the delightful, timely, HD your heart desires and your 21st century eyes crave.

Due to a nifty bit of communications theory one can apply what's known as compression to the data so that one does not need to provide the full bandwidth to get a good HD picture. Compression can be lossless, which means when you reassemble the picture it is exactly as intended, or it can, well, have 'loss'. All the internet services use compression that removes data from the original picture and never gives it back to you. This is why an HD Blue Ray disk, or a 4K disk, will always provide a better picture than a current streaming service.

If one considers Darth Vader lurking in Death Star shadows, or the Game of Thrones Battle of Winterfell episode (pick any dark scene you care) with the full HD picture, on a correctly calibrated screen, one will see endless nuances in the dark shades. Vader's cloak, will not simply be a "Big Black Thing" it will be a flowing living surface, of texture, and varying 1,001 shades of black, grey, blue/purple and all those amazing colours one sees if one actually goes and looks at real life.

If we stream the same scene from (say) Netflix over a 25 mega-bits a second (25MB/Sec) connection and we freeze the frame we will not see all those variances in subtle dark tones. Vader's cloaks will now be a "Big Black Thing" and all the subtle visual delights will have been flattened out in the name of saving bandwidth. They also "Pixel Drop", removing picture elements, as you move from the centre of the viewing screen to the edges, as most action happens near the centre, and they know that not that many of us spend time staring at the bottom right edge of the screen looking for coffee cups (Gotcha, GoT...).

In this manner they remove much detail from the picture, and do the same with the sound, but unless you go looking for it, you mostly do not miss this ultimate grand detail. Obviously if you're also watching on a poorly calibrated screen and/or a small one, such as a smart phone or tablet, the picture is so small and indistinct that a full UltraHD picture would be impossible to pick from one with far less detail.

This is a Formula One site, get to the dang point Noble! I hear you cry...

To summarise; First, streaming HD is not HD, compression and tricky software has been used to get the size down so a 25MB/Sec internet connection can cope with "HD visuals". Second, the internet is a massive, complex global communications network of many, many complex parts. The internet is our "Pipe", our data is our "Water". Network bandwidth defines the size of your pipe, defining how much space is available to tip the water into, while the "bandwidth requirement" tells you how much water you want flowing within your pipe.

Recently Chase again delayed F1TV, which is proving a troublesome fish to swim up-stream. At F1TV HQ the engineers are wearing-out their dance shoes so fast I'm sure their toes are burning as they try and waltz Miss Physics around the dance hall. Miss Physics is insistent on all her laws being kept, and her constraints being met.

The engineers want to Waltz. She will demand a Polka. Foxtrot? No, Miss Physics now feels like Jive. Rock and roll then? No, Miss Physics is performing the Military Two Step.

Oh dear. What's happening to Chase's lovely dance party?

Why the communications lesson and dancing fish Max? I hear you ask. Well a fine HD picture in your room streaming Ultra-HD at 30 GB/Sec down ten feet of quality cable is easy. Streaming it from your letterbox, or your neighbour's cable feed (!), likewise easy. Compressing it and firing it all around the world to millions of subscribers? Well now it gets much more difficult.

Game of Thrones suffered some network issues because so many people wanted to watch all at the same time. This is an issue because the internet communications infrastructure has to be shared globally by all users. HBO said the last episode of GoT set a global viewing record of 18.4 million viewers. 18.4 million and they had issues running over a known fixed network! How does Chase think he is going to handle 500million...!? While you personally only need 25MB/Sec for a reasonable HD picture, so does every other viewer. Now our personal 25MB/Sec pipe size needs to be scaled-up to allow for all the watchers requiring 25MB/Sec. Ouch.

For Game of Thrones the streaming service can distribute digital copies ahead of time around the globe on many powerful servers. For example they could have ten servers spread across the USA, another ten spread across Europe, a few in Africa, a few dozen sprinkled across Asia, and a couple each for Australia and New Zealand. Then, when we all go to stream Game of Thrones, our service provider works out the nearest, least busy server to which to connect us, and, usually, we can sit back and cheerfully watch the show, unknowing and uncaring about the remarkable feat of communications engineering and software sneakiness making it all possible by placating Miss Physics at each turn of her demanding dance.

Some hiccups can happen, and excessive demand can cause network or server congestion that result in poor viewing or a loss of service, but these are generally not too difficult when one can pre-distribute the content to many servers located closely to the local viewing audience.

This solution is not available to a live sports broadcast. It is by definition live, and therefore cannot be distributed to many servers ahead of time. Using another go-to example of mine, the Mayweather Pacquiao fight. 4.5 million global viewers. That was the entire paying audience. If one takes 4.5 million and multiplies by 2.5MB/Sec one has a grand total of 112,500GB/Sec. In simple terms we are trying to get Niagara Falls to fit through a pipe around the size of a Starbucks coffee cup. Folks we are going to have some spillage.

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READERS COMMENTS

 

1. Posted by NS Biker, 11/06/2019 3:49

"Great summary and outline of the "problem."
From my vantage point, West Coast of Canada, anything and I mean anything, would be better than what we get now.
It really doesn't matter if the timing and synchronization is perfect, we don't get it currently so what's to miss.
The cost of our service may seem cheap, but I could justify about, $200 a year for a good streaming service and then I could cut some of the overpriced cable feed.
I would even give up some picture quality for the elimination of commercials interruptions."

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2. Posted by fenris, 03/06/2019 22:15

"@Max - the TVs are a revenue stream in themselves! Obviously, once such a TV is F1(TM) enabled, all the TV makers need to license the trademark from Chase and co. to slap a nice, shiny sticker on their latest models. And then, for the true fan, sir, for just 50 quid extra, would you like your remote in British Racing Green? No, you'd prefer the German colors? Really sorry, sir, we're just out of all the white ones, but might I interest you, for only another 100 quid more (150 in all), in our AVUS Rennen Limited Special Edition? Hand-beaten, polished-aluminum remote control body, buttons banked to an ergonomic 43 degrees, and a Rudi Caracciola bobble head as well! Worth every penny!

And so it goes ...

BTW, I was looking up the Avus Rennen on wiki for the banking angle, and I read "From 1927 the German Grand Prix was relocated to the new and more secure Nürburgring circuit in the Western German Eifel range" ... what manner of a course was AVUS, that the Nordschleife was "more secure"!!!"

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3. Posted by Max Noble, 03/06/2019 14:09

"@fenris - Agree the additional meta data wold be a good plan for each local user. Could be a neat solution if we could get all those involved to agree the format... and resist selling us TV upgrades each season! Like your thinking. "

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4. Posted by fenris, 02/06/2019 18:56

"Regarding the problem of stream synchronisation, one possible solution, in time-honoured engineering tradition, is to do away with the problem (or at least, exchange it for a set of other ones!) -- embed the timing data in any of the auxiliary data streams (think subtitles/close caption etc), and then run a local server on the TV itself to extract this, that the app then syncs to over WiFi (I've not kept up with the latest in TVs, but since the new ones all sport WiFI, I guess this should be possible). This ensures by construction that the app is in sync with the broadcast. Of course, you would need an option to sync directly over the net, for those who don't have the stream or who don't have a TV capable of doing this (hint: sell them a TV upgrade while you're at it!)."

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5. Posted by Steve W, 01/06/2019 10:26

"This is assuming that 500 million PPV viewers will all watch the action live... I haven't watched anything F1 live on my TV for 10 years now. I just DVR it and watch later at my convenience, sometimes two days later."

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6. Posted by Max Noble, 31/05/2019 0:23

"@English Tony - did a quick recheck, and while figures are highly variable (...!) the 2008 Summer Olympics is reasonably reliably reported to have average daily viewing figures around 580 million. It appears “Live Aid” retains the all time record at around 1.9 Billion viewers.

If you run the finance figures on the numbers you suggest cable TV and streaming would not be profitable..."

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7. Posted by Max Noble, 30/05/2019 14:53

"@English Tony - the global goal is per race 500M subscribers. And yes many people watch in groups..."

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8. Posted by English Tony, 30/05/2019 14:08 (moderated by an Adminstrator, 30/05/2019 14:15)

"This comment was removed by an administrator as it was judged to have broken the site's posting rules and etiquette."

Rating: Neutral (0)

9. Posted by English Tony, 30/05/2019 14:06

"1. 500m viewers / race or / season? - It's the latter surely. Divide by 20 (ish) races / season = 25m / race
2. 25m individual feeds? Really? Nobody watches with friends or family? Or in sports bars? Divide by at least 2
3. Then consider that the figures are per race weekend & not per session - divide again by, say, 2

Gives 6.25m feeds required per race - assuming you can find that many people happy for PPV

Yes, that's still millions more than simply providing feeds to traditional, free to air operations & yes, the pipework of the internet is still going to be overloaded but if we are going to use back-of-the fag-packet maths lets at least start with examining the base figures & establishing their credibility before we push on
"

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10. Posted by Max Noble, 28/05/2019 13:53

"@Cricketpo - Agree someone will get it right eventually. Just when and at what cost, and specifically will it be Liberty with F1 TV...?

@Oinksta - ah! Most amusing! Agree that’s probably how it went....!"

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11. Posted by Oinksta, 28/05/2019 8:21 (moderated by an Adminstrator, 30/05/2019 14:15)

"Gigabits and Gigabytes aside, the core of what is being discussed here stands.

@kdxrider and @Greg point out parts of the puzzle, there are very likely ways and means to do this - but they are not trivial, nor cheap. I am sure Liberty has now realised this, but are they (or someone else) up for the challenge?

One suspects, there was a meeting some time back that went something like...

Exec 1 - "Hey let's just stream everything, then we can control everything, multiple views, all that sort of thing. The guys in the back room whipped up this little app and it's great!"

Exec 2 - "So when can we get it out there?"

Exec 1 - "A couple of weeks should be enough."

Back room guy - "Two weeks!?!?! Which part of 'Proof of Concept' did you not get."
"

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12. Posted by cricketpo, 25/05/2019 14:25 (moderated by an Adminstrator, 30/05/2019 14:15)

"In the words of Pheonix Nights "build it and they will come!" What has been said are mere details. I remember a time when I was told telephone video was impossible. Who uses Skype/face time these days? It is only in challenging the technology do we move the tech forward. You might try to bamboozle us with dry figures but luckily for me maths was never my strong point so I can still believe :-)
In the end the tech itself will probably not sink it. It will be whether enough people are actually interested in the product.
I remember certain engineers telling me music cd's would never supply me with the music experience I do wantonly craved. What's that?? They very nearly wiped vinyl off the face of the earth? Fancy that"

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13. Posted by Max Noble, 24/05/2019 4:31

"@intrepid - excellent, exercising your right not to receive! Thanks for the irony of taking the time to comment."

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14. Posted by Saty1, 24/05/2019 3:56

"The thing is I feel like a guinea pig who is paying for the position. I have the choice of viewing on an ESPN channel which appears to be half and half SKYTV and F1TV. Often times when watching F1TV the commentators are talking about a different video which must be live on SKYTV, a different production of the race."

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15. Posted by intrepid, 23/05/2019 19:49

"Honestly, I didn't have the hour and a half to read through Max's nonsense jargon, supremely clever as it 'may' have been"

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